xov xwm

Synthetic biologist Tom knight tau hais tias, "Lub xyoo pua 21st yuav yog lub xyoo pua ntawm engineering biology."Nws yog ib tug ntawm cov founders ntawm hluavtaws biology thiab ib tug ntawm tsib tus tsim ntawm Ginkgo Bioworks, lub hnub qub tuam txhab nyob rau hauv hluavtaws biology.Lub tuam txhab tau teev nyob rau hauv New York Tshuag Txauv rau lub Cuaj Hli 18, thiab nws cov nqi tau mus txog US $ 15 billion.
Tom Knight txoj kev tshawb fawb txog kev txaus siab tau hloov pauv ntawm computer mus rau biology.Txij thaum nws kawm tiav high school, nws tau siv lub caij ntuj sov so los kawm computer thiab programming ntawm MIT, thiab tom qab ntawd nws kuj tau siv nws qib kawm tiav thiab kawm tiav hauv MIT.
Tom Knight Paub tias Moore Txoj Cai tau kwv yees qhov kev txwv ntawm tib neeg kev tswj hwm ntawm silicon atoms, nws tig nws lub siab rau cov khoom muaj sia."Peb xav tau ib txoj kev sib txawv los muab cov atoms rau hauv qhov chaw zoo ... Dab tsi yog qhov nyuaj tshaj plaws chemistry?Nws yog biochemistry.Kuv xav tias koj tuaj yeem siv biomolecules, xws li cov proteins, uas tuaj yeem ua tus kheej thiab sib sau ua ke hauv ntau qhov koj xav tau.crystallization."
Siv engineering quantitative and qualitative think to design the biological originals tau dhau los ua txoj kev tshawb fawb tshiab.Synthetic biology zoo li kev dhia hauv tib neeg kev paub.Raws li kev sib koom tes ntawm engineering, computer science, biology, thiab lwm yam, pib xyoo ntawm hluavtaws biology tau teeb tsa li 2000.
Hauv ob txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm xyoo no, lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob rau cov kws kho tsiaj tau ua tiav cov kev tswj ntawm cov noob qhia.
Cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Boston University tau tsim lub Gene toggle hloov hauv E. coli.Cov qauv no tsuas yog siv ob lub gene modules.Los ntawm kev tswj cov stimuli sab nraud, gene qhia tuaj yeem qhib lossis kaw.
Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, cov kws tshawb fawb ntawm Princeton University tau siv peb lub noob modules kom ua tiav "oscillation" hom tso zis hauv lub teeb liab Circuit Court los ntawm kev siv kev sib nrig sib inhibition thiab tso tawm ntawm inhibition ntawm lawv.

Gene toggle hloov daim duab
Cell Workshop
Hauv lub rooj sib tham, kuv hnov ​​​​cov neeg tham txog "cov nqaij dag."
Ua raws li cov qauv kev sib tham hauv computer, "kev sib tham ntawm tus kheej" rau kev sib txuas lus dawb, qee cov neeg haus npias thiab sib tham: Cov khoom lag luam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cas hauv "Synthetic Biology"?Ib tug neeg hais txog "cov nqaij tawv" nyob rau hauv Impossible Food.
Cov Khoom Noj Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm yeej tsis tau hu nws tus kheej ua "synthetic biology" tuam txhab, tab sis cov ntsiab lus muag uas txawv nws los ntawm lwm cov khoom siv nqaij tawv - cov hemoglobin uas ua rau cov neeg tsis noj nqaij tsis hnov ​​​​tsw "nqaij" los ntawm lub tuam txhab no txog 20 xyoo dhau los.Ntawm cov kev qhuab qhia tshiab.
Kev koom tes thev naus laus zis yog siv cov noob hloov kho yooj yim kom tso cov poov xab los tsim "hemoglobin."Txhawm rau siv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws, cov poov xab dhau los ua "cell Hoobkas" uas tsim cov tshuaj raws li tib neeg lub siab nyiam.
Dab tsi ua rau cov nqaij ci liab thiab muaj qhov tshwj xeeb aroma thaum nws saj?Khoom noj khoom haus tsis tuaj yeem suav hais tias yog cov nplua nuj "hemoglobin" hauv cov nqaij.Hemoglobin muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam khoom noj, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tshwj xeeb yog siab nyob rau hauv cov leeg nqaij.
Yog li ntawd, hemoglobin tau raug xaiv los ntawm lub tuam txhab tus tsim thiab biochemist Patrick O. Brown ua "qhov tseem ceeb condiment" rau simulating tsiaj nqaij.Extracting no "seasoning" los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, Brown tau xaiv soybeans uas nplua nuj nyob rau hauv hemoglobin ntawm lawv cov hauv paus hniav.
Txoj kev tsim khoom ib txwm xav tau ncaj qha rho tawm ntawm "hemoglobin" los ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov taum.Ib kilogram ntawm "hemoglobin" yuav tsum tau 6 acres ntawm soybeans.Kev rho tawm cov nroj tsuag yog kim, thiab Cov Khoom Noj Tsis Muaj Peev Xwm tau tsim ib txoj hauv kev tshiab: cog cov noob uas tuaj yeem suav cov hemoglobin rau hauv cov poov xab, thiab thaum cov poov xab loj hlob thiab rov ua dua, hemoglobin yuav loj hlob.Txhawm rau siv qhov piv txwv, qhov no zoo li cia goose nteg qe ntawm qhov ntsuas ntawm cov kab mob.

Heme, uas yog muab rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag, yog siv nyob rau hauv "artificial nqaij" burgers
Cov thev naus laus zis tshiab nce kev ua haujlwm zoo thaum txo cov khoom siv ntuj tsim los ntawm kev cog qoob loo.Txij li cov khoom siv tseem ceeb yog cov poov xab, qab zib, thiab cov zaub mov, tsis muaj tshuaj lom neeg ntau.Xav txog nws, qhov no yog ib qho cuab yeej tiag tiag uas "ua rau yav tom ntej zoo dua".
Thaum tib neeg tham txog lub tshuab no, kuv xav tias qhov no tsuas yog siv tshuab yooj yim xwb.Nyob rau hauv lawv lub qhov muag, muaj ntau yam ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsim los ntawm cov noob caj noob ces nyob rau hauv no txoj kev.Cov yas degradable, cov txuj lom, tshuaj tshiab thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv, tshuaj tua kab rau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb, thiab txawm tias siv cov pa roj carbon dioxide los ua cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab… Kuv pib muaj qee qhov kev xav txog qhov muaj peev xwm coj los ntawm biotechnology.
Nyeem, sau, thiab hloov cov noob
DNA nqa tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv ntawm lub neej los ntawm lub hauv paus, thiab nws kuj yog lub hauv paus ntawm ntau txhiab tus yam ntxwv ntawm lub neej.
Niaj hnub no, tib neeg tau yooj yim nyeem DNA ib ntus thiab sib txuas DNA raws li kev tsim.Ntawm lub rooj sib tham, kuv hnov ​​​​cov neeg tham txog CRISPR thev naus laus zis uas yeej 2020 Nobel nqi zog hauv Chemistry ntau zaus.Cov thev naus laus zis no, hu ua "Genetic Magic Scissor", tuaj yeem nrhiav thiab txiav DNA kom raug, yog li paub txog kev kho cov noob.
Raws li cov noob hloov kho thev naus laus zis, ntau lub tuam txhab pib pib tau tshwm sim.Qee tus siv nws los daws cov noob caj noob ces ntawm cov kab mob nyuaj xws li mob qog noj ntshav thiab kab mob caj ces, thiab qee qhov siv nws los cog cov kabmob rau tib neeg kev hloov pauv thiab kuaj cov kab mob.
Lub tshuab hloov kho noob tau nkag mus rau kev lag luam sai sai uas tib neeg pom qhov kev cia siab zoo ntawm biotechnology.Los ntawm qhov kev xav ntawm txoj kev loj hlob logic ntawm biotechnology nws tus kheej, tom qab nyeem ntawv, synthesis, thiab kho cov genetic sequences tau matured, cov theem tom ntej yog ib txwm tsim los ntawm qib caj ces los tsim cov ntaub ntawv uas raws li tib neeg xav tau.Synthetic biology thev naus laus zis kuj tuaj yeem nkag siab tias yog theem tom ntej hauv kev tsim cov noob thev naus laus zis.
Ob tus kws tshawb fawb Emmanuelle Charpentier thiab Jennifer A. Doudna thiab yeej 2020 Nobel nqi zog hauv Chemistry rau CRISPR thev naus laus zis
"Muaj ntau tus neeg tau xav txog lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov hluavtaws biology ... Qhov kev sib tsoo zoo li no tau tshwm sim ntawm engineering thiab biology.Kuv xav tias txhua yam uas tshwm sim los ntawm qhov no tau pib hu ua hluavtaws biology. "Tom Knight hais.
Txuas ntxiv lub sij hawm teev, txij li thaum pib ntawm cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, tib neeg tau soj ntsuam thiab khaws cov tsiaj thiab cov nroj tsuag uas lawv xav tau los ntawm kev sib tw ntev thiab kev xaiv.Synthetic biology pib ncaj qha los ntawm qib caj ces los tsim cov yam ntxwv uas tib neeg xav tau.Tam sim no, cov kws tshawb fawb tau siv CRISPR thev naus laus zis los cog nplej hauv chav kuaj.
Ib tug ntawm cov koom haum ntawm lub rooj sib tham, Qiji Founder Lu Qi tau hais nyob rau hauv lub qhib video hais tias biotechnology yuav coj ntau yam kev hloov rau lub ntiaj teb no ib yam li yav dhau los Internet technology.Qhov no zoo li tau lees paub tias Internet CEOs txhua tus tau hais txog kev txaus siab hauv kev tshawb fawb txog lub neej thaum lawv tawm haujlwm.
Internet bigwigs yog tag nrho cov saib xyuas.Puas yog kev lag luam sib txawv ntawm lub neej science thaum kawg tuaj?
Tom Knight (thawj ntawm sab laug) thiab plaub lwm Ginkgo Bioworks founders |Ginkgo Bioworks Cov
Thaum noj su, kuv tau hnov ​​​​ib tsab xov xwm: Unilever tau hais rau lub Cuaj Hlis 2 tias nws yuav nqis peev 1 billion euros txhawm rau tshem tawm cov fossil fuels hauv cov khoom siv huv huv los ntawm 2030.
Tsis pub dhau 10 xyoo, cov ntxhua khaub ncaws ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntxhua khaub ncaws, ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab xab npum khoom tsim los ntawm Procter & Gamble yuav maj mam txais cov khoom siv cog qoob loo lossis cov cuab yeej siv carbon capture.Lub tuam txhab tseem tso tseg lwm 1 billion euros los teeb tsa cov peev nyiaj los tshawb fawb txog biotechnology, carbon dioxide thiab lwm yam thev naus laus zis los txo cov pa roj carbon monoxide.
Cov neeg uas tau qhia kuv cov xov xwm no, zoo li kuv uas tau hnov ​​​​cov xov xwm, xav tsis thoob thaum lub sijhawm txwv tsawg dua 10 xyoo: Puas yog kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tsim kho thev naus laus zis rau kev tsim khoom loj yuav ua tiav sai sai?
Tab sis kuv vam tias nws yuav muaj tseeb.